Value Opportunities
When you “buy low,” and prices go lower, it can test conviction. Nonetheless, we believe now is a good time to stick with and lean-in to MarketPlus Investing.
By SJS President Kevin Kelly, CFA.
Investor Howard Marks recently wrote, “All great investments begin in discomfort… ‘When the time comes to buy, you won’t want to.’ It’s not easy to buy when the news is terrible, prices are collapsing and it’s impossible to have an idea where the bottom lies. But doing so should be the investor’s greatest aspiration.”[1]
In an effort to buy low and sell high, many investors attempt market timing. However, studies have repeatedly shown that most investors who attempt to time the market significantly underperform broad market indices, due to many factors.[2] So if market timing is not reliable, what else can investors do to achieve higher expected returns?
MarketPlus Investing focuses on broad global diversification across thousands of securities via mutual funds. At the same time, we systematically seek stock attributes that have demonstrated higher expected returns over time.[3] Relative to broad market stock indices, MarketPlus Investing invests in mutual funds that tend to overweight stocks with financial qualities that, relative to their trading prices, have provided premium returns historically.[3,4]
Some of these qualities point us to smaller company stocks.[3] Other financial attributes suggest a bias towards “value stocks”, a quality that famed investor Warren Buffett tends to favor.[3,5]
In the spirit of Howard Marks, recent returns of small value stocks have provided plenty of discomfort, especially compared to the “blue chip“ index as represented by the S&P 500.
Sources: Ken French Data Library, Dimensional Fund Advisors Returns Web. As of 30-Apr-2020. See Important Disclosure Information for additional details.
But other than “discomfort,” are there any measurable indications that small value stocks may be a good place to invest? Perhaps one indication is that the valuation differences between US growth stocks and value stocks are at or near their greatest dispersions in history.[6] In particular, US growth stocks (particularly large growth stocks) are currently trading near valuations not seen since the 2000 Dot Com Bubble.[7] Contrarily, value stocks (particularly small value stocks) are below 40-year valuation averages, as demonstrated below.[8]
Sources: Dimensional Fund Advisors, CRSP, and Compustat. As of 31-Mar-2020. See Important Disclosure Information for additional details.
We do not believe these major valuation differences will continue over the long-term. Much of the recent outperformance of growth stocks is attributable to the performance of five of the largest stocks in the S&P 500: Microsoft (MSFT), Amazon (AMZN), Apple (AAPL), Alphabet (GOOG / GOOGL), and Facebook (FB).[9] These stocks currently make up > 20% of the S&P 500, and are all trading near all-time highs.[9] Based on forward price / earnings ratios, the stock market has already priced in high growth into these companies’ valuations.
Sources: Morningstar Direct, YCharts, Yahoo Finance. As of 29-May-2020. See Important Disclosure Information for additional details.
We think historically cheap investments are more likely to provide higher returns over time than expensive investments, and the data suggests small and value stocks are relatively quite cheap today.[10,11]
There are sometimes rare opportunities when specific parts of the market are very attractively valued relative to broad markets, which often leads to higher expected returns over time.[12] Is this such an opportunity? Only time will tell. But we believe broad diversification and a disciplined rebalancing mechanism that incorporates valuations helps investors get appropriate returns for the risk they are assuming.
When you “buy low,” and prices go lower still, it can be a test of investment conviction. Nonetheless, we believe right now is a good time to stick with and lean-in to our disciplined investment approach called MarketPlus Investing.
If you ever find the investment markets make you “uncomfortable,“ let us do the worrying for you, so you can focus on the people and causes that matter most to you. We are always here for you, to lend an ear, to listen, and assist!
Important Disclosure Information and Sources:
“Calibrating.“ Howard Marks, 06-Apr-2020, oaktreecapital.com.
Unconventional Success. David Swensen, 09-Aug-2005, Free Press.
“A Five-Factor Asset Pricing Model.“ Eugene Fama and Kenneth French, September 2014, Journal of Financial Economics.
“Dimensional Fund Advisors: A Deeper Look At The Performance.“ Mark Hebner and Murray Coleman, 04-Dec-2019, ifa.com. Please see Important Disclosure Information for additional information on MarketPlus Investing All Equity Model Portfolio.
“Berkshire Hathaway Inc. Shareholder Letters – 2020.“ Berkshire Hathaway, 2020, berkshirehathaway.com.
“Is (Systematic) Value Investing Dead?“ Cliff Asness, 08-May-2020, aqr.com.
“Lessons From the Dot-Com Bust.“ Mark Hulbert, 08-Mar-2020, Wall Street Journal.
“Spread the Word: What’s New with Valuation Ratios.“ Dimensional Fund Advisors, 14-May-2020, mydimensional.com.
“How Markets Work and the FAANG Mentality.“ Dimensional Fund Advisors, 2019, us.dimensional.com.
“Vanguard’s economic and market outlook for 2020: The new age of uncertainty.“ Vanguard Research, Dec-2019, vanguard.com.
“An Apology for Small-Cap Value.“ Verdad Capital, 04-May-2020, verdadcap.com.
“Crisis Investing: How to Maximize Returns During Market Panics.“ Daniel Rasmussen, Brian Chingono, Graham Infinger, Bryce McDonald, Greg Obenshain, and Chris Satterthwaite, 2019, verdadcap.com.
Past performance is no guarantee of future results. There is no guarantee investment strategies will be successful. Diversification neither assures a profit nor guarantees against a loss in a declining market.
Indices are not available for direct investment. Their performance does not reflect the expenses associated with management of an actual portfolio. The performance of the indices was obtained from published sources believed to be reliable but which are not warranted as to accuracy or completeness.
MarketPlus Investing® models consist of institutional quality mutual funds. Mutual fund investment values will fluctuate, and shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than original cost.
Hyperlinks to third-party information are provided as a convenience and we disclaim any responsibility for information, services or products found on websites or other information linked hereto.
As of 29-May-2020, the MarketPlus All Equity Model is composed of the Dimensional US Core Equity II Fund (DFQTX: 54% weight), Dimensional International Core Equity Fund (DFIEX: 27% weight), Dimensional Emerging Markets Core Equity Fund (DFCEX: 9% weight), Vanguard US Real Estate Fund (VGSLX: 5% weight), Dimensional International Real Estate Fund (DFITX: 5% weight). There are limitations inherent in model allocations. In particular, model performance may not reflect the impact that economic and market factors may have had on the advisor’s decision making if the advisor were actually managing client money. Not to be construed as investment advice.
Advisory services are provided by SJS Investment Services, Inc.., a registered investment advisor with the SEC. Registration does not imply a certain level of skill or training. SJS Investment Services does not provide tax advice. Please consult your tax professional for specific advice. This material has been prepared for informational purposes only.
Statements contained in this report that are not statements of historical fact are intended to be and are forward looking statements. Forward looking statements include expressed expectations of future events and the assumptions on which the expressed expectations are based. All forward looking statements are inherently uncertain as they are based on various expectations and assumptions concerning future events and they are subject to numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties which could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those projected.
The S&P 500 Index is a free float-adjusted market-capitalization-weighted index of 500 of the largest publicly traded companies in the United States.
SJS Investment Services (SJS) has created hypothetical performance returns and financial information for the S&P 495 using actual historical performance and financial information of the S&P 500 and five constituent equities: Microsoft (Ticker MSFT), Apple (APPL), Amazon (AMZN), Alphabet (GOOG / GOOGL), and Facebook (FB). The S&P 495 is not an actual index created nor managed by Standard & Poor’s. The S&P 495 hypothetical historical returns do not reflect actual trading or the performance of actual accounts. Actual client results may be materially different than the hypothetical returns. All returns presented include reinvestment of dividends and other earnings.
Value (Fama/French US Value Research Index), Growth (Fama/French US Growth Research Index), Small Value (Fama/French US Small Value Research Index):
Composition: The index portfolios for July of year t to June t+1 include all NYSE, AMEX, and NASDAQ stocks for which we have market equity for December t-1 and June of t, and (positive) book-to-market equity data for fiscal year ending in t-1.
Exclusions: ADRs, Investment Companies, Tracking Stocks, non-US incorporated companies, Closed-end funds, Certificates, Shares of Beneficial Interests, and negative book values. Sources: CRSP databases for returns and market capitalization: 1926 -present Compustat and hand-collected book values: 1926- present CRSP links to Compustat and hand-collected links: 1926- present.
Breakpoints: “The size breakpoint is the market capitalization of the median NYSE firm, so the big and small categories contain the same number of eligible NYSE firms. The BtM breakpoints split the eligible NYSE firms with positive book equity into three categories: 30% of the eligible NYSE firms with positive BE are in Low (Growth), 40% are in Medium (Neutral), and 30% are in High (Value).”
Rebalancing: Annual (at the end of June) 1926-Present Fama/French and multifactor data provided by Fama/French.
Stocks are sorted on book-to-market ratio each June, where book-to-market for year t is computed using the book equity for the last fiscal year end in t-1, divided by market equity for December of t-1. Value and growth are stocks with book-to-market ratios above and below the 70th and 30th percentiles for NYSE stocks, respectively. Aggregate price-to-book value computed as the inverse of the weighted average book-to-market ratio where market equity is for the current month.
Small stocks are NYSE, AMEX, and NADSAQ stocks below the median market cap for NYSE stocks, and big stocks are above the NYSE median. Value portfolios include NYSE, AMEX, and NASDAQ stocks above the 70th percentile of the book-to-market equity ratio (B/M) for NYSE stocks. Small Value stocks are both small and value, Big Value stocks are big and value, and Market Value includes all value stocks. Market Growth includes NYSE, AMEX, and NASDAQ stocks below the 30th percentile of the book-to-market equity ratio (B/M) for NYSE stocks. Small is the portfolio of all small stocks with no value tilt. The portfolios are value-weight (VW) and are reconstructed at the end of June each year. For each return horizon, the table shows average premium (Ave), standard deviation of premiums (Std), skewness (Skew) and kurtosis (Kurt), the percent of negative premiums (Neg), and percentiles of the distribution of premiums. The Monthly row in each block summarizes the distribution of actual monthly returns. Each of the remaining rows summarizes the distribution of returns produced by 100,000 simulations of returns for a particular horizon. The simulations allow for uncertainty about expected premiums.
Suggested Reading
The Price Is Right
When comparing price relative to a standard measure, we can make an educated guess that mutual funds made up of lower-priced stocks may offer an opportunity for a greater return in the future.
By SJS Senior Client Portfolio Manager Tom Kelly, CFA
We live in the information age. We have more information at our fingertips than generations before us could have ever dreamed. It can be overwhelming to try to process all the information available – and that holds true for just about any subject, including the markets and investing.
How in the world can an individual investor hope to read, analyze, calculate, and compare all of the available information about a company and its stock?
Simple. By looking at the price.
A stock’s current price reflects the collective expectations from ALL investors about risk and return for that stock. With more than $400 billion in stock transactions across the globe each day1, the markets combine to form an efficient and effective information-processing machine.
And the information found in market prices steers our MarketPlus Investing® approach.
For your portfolio, SJS selects mutual funds that hold stocks that have more attractive prices compared to similar companies with less attractive prices. Buy low, sell high. While a simple idea, this is an important element of the MarketPlus approach.
When comparing price relative to a standard measure, we can make an educated guess that mutual funds made up of lower-priced stocks may offer an opportunity for a greater return in the future.
For instance, MarketPlus Investing selects mutual funds made up of stocks that are cheaper as opposed to more expensive. These stocks are commonly referred to as “value” as opposed to “growth.” There are many ways to measure for this, but the comparison comes down to price-per-unit – and in this case, we like lower priced stocks per the net assets, or book value, of a company, when compared to those that are higher priced for the same book value.
When holding “total shares issued” constant, MarketPlus Investing again prefers mutual funds that are made up of lower priced stocks – or small caps – compared to higher priced stocks, or large caps.
In other cases, price may be held constant, and managers may compare which stocks have higher profits per unit of price. If profitability persists, investing in mutual funds made up of more of these higher profitability stocks may lead to greater returns in the future, or so the theory goes.
Prices can be volatile, to be sure. And all of our “buy low, sell high” philosophy and management strategy may require multiple years to play out advantageously for an investor.
So risk management and diversification2 have a role to play in designing a portfolio that will stand up to short-term individual preferences and tolerances, but still strive for long-term returns that deliver the market rate-of-return – “plus”!
It’s an ongoing pursuit, and one that we carry out with enthusiasm and rigor day after day, and year after year, for you.
We believe that the scientific and data-driven engine of your investment vehicle is state-of-the-art for this information age. And with our “You Come First” package of service and accessories, it’s hard to put a price on that!
Sources:
[1] In US dollars. Source: Dimensional Fund Advisors, using data from Bloomberg LP. Includes primary and secondary exchange trading volume globally for equities. ETFs and funds are excluded. Daily averages were computed by calculating the trading volume of each stock daily as the closing price multiplied by shares traded that day. All such trading volume is summed up and divided by 252 as an approximate number of annual trading days.
[2] Diversification does not eliminate the risk of market loss.
Important Disclosure Information:
Past performance does not guarantee future results. MarketPlus Investing models consist of institutional quality mutual funds.